A chilling trend is sweeping the globe: freedom is in retreat. A new analysis reveals that nearly 90% of the world’s population now lives in countries experiencing a decline in personal and economic liberties – a stark reversal of decades of progress.
For years, the narrative was one of expanding freedom, a gradual but consistent rise in the ability of individuals to live their lives without undue interference. But that trajectory shifted around 2007, entering a period of slow erosion. The pace of decline has dramatically accelerated since the COVID-19 pandemic, now resembling a precipitous fall.
Switzerland continues to stand as a beacon, topping the list of nations where freedom flourishes, closely followed by Denmark, New Zealand, and Ireland. These countries consistently demonstrate strong protections across a wide range of indicators, from the rule of law to the ability to freely associate and engage in economic activity.
The assessment isn’t based on subjective impressions, but on a rigorous examination of 87 distinct indicators. These metrics delve into the core components of a free society, measuring not just political rights, but also the security of individuals and the openness of the economy.
Canada, while consistently ranking among the freer nations, finds itself perpetually on the periphery of the top ten, fluctuating between 10th and 14th place. The country performs strongly in areas of civil liberties and freedom of expression, but lags behind in economic freedoms.
The story of Estonia offers a remarkable contrast. Emerging from decades under Soviet rule as one of the least free places on Earth in 1991, it has rapidly ascended to become the sixth most free nation globally. This transformation highlights the potential for swift and dramatic improvements when freedom is prioritized.
However, the index also reveals disturbing declines in other parts of the world. Hong Kong, once celebrated as a bastion of liberty, has experienced a dramatic fall from grace. In the 1990s, it was routinely cited as one of the freest places on the planet, but now ranks 53rd, a significant drop from its third-place position in 2011.
The catalyst for Hong Kong’s decline is directly linked to reforms imposed by Beijing, particularly the 2020 National Security Laws. These laws have eroded judicial independence, expanded surveillance powers, and allowed for the transfer of cases to mainland China, fundamentally altering the legal landscape.
The United States currently ranks 15th, while Taiwan holds the 14th position. Other notable rankings include Japan and the United Kingdom tied at 19th, Italy at 31st, and Mexico at 91st. Nations at the lower end of the spectrum include Saudi Arabia, China, and Russia.
At the very bottom of the index, countries like Syria, Iran, Yemen, and Sudan represent the most severe limitations on human freedom, where basic rights are routinely suppressed and the lives of citizens are profoundly restricted.
