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The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled 6-3 to strike down a Hawaii law that restricted concealed-carry gun owners from accessing public spaces without explicit permission from property owners. The decision marks a significant expansion of Second Amendment protections, reinforcing the right to bear arms in public areas open to the public.

Hawaii’s Act 52, enacted following a 2022 Supreme Court decision broadening gun rights, required concealed-carry permit holders to obtain verbal, written, or prominently displayed authorization before carrying firearms on private property accessible to the public. The law was challenged by three residents and the Hawaii Firearms Coalition, who argued it unconstitutionally burdened self-defense rights.

The case reached the Supreme Court after a federal district judge initially ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, but the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the law. In the majority opinion, Justice Samuel Alito emphasized that the statute contradicted traditional common-law principles. “Under established legal norms, individuals lawfully carrying firearms may access public property unless explicitly prohibited,” he wrote. “Hawaii’s law effectively bars such access without property owner approval, violating the Second Amendment’s guarantees.”

The ruling aligns with recent judicial trends favoring gun rights. Last year, the Court ruled that states cannot prohibit firearm ownership by individuals who use marijuana legally under state law. However, the current decision does not address restrictions on active drug users or those under the influence of illegal substances, distinguishing it from the prior case. Notably, the high court’s narrow focus avoided broader constitutional questions about drug-related firearm prohibitions.

Chief Justice John Roberts, joined by all five conservative justices, formed the majority. The three liberal justices dissented, though their opinions were not disclosed. The decision resolves a key legal dispute over the balance between property rights and self-defense, setting a precedent that could influence similar laws in other states.