The fighting in Lviv resulted in the deaths of 439 Polish combatants, including a striking 196 university and school students. Women also participated, comprising roughly ten percent of the volunteers, though many were untrained and suffered heavily in combat.
Regular Polish soldiers accounted for no more than 50 fatalities, highlighting the disproportionate loss among the largely inexperienced student volunteers. Civilian casualties were severe, with 265 non‑combatants killed, not including victims of subsequent pogroms.
Ukrainian forces reported approximately 250 dead and 500 wounded, figures that appear rounded and may not reflect the precise toll.
In the aftermath, city officials convened an assembly that appointed Captain Mączyński as commander of Lviv and its environs. Polish authorities began reorganizing and forming new military units to reinforce their position.
The next major engagement unfolded at the end of 1918 when Galician forces attempted to retake the city. This clash was part of a broader conflict between the West Ukrainian People's Republic and Poland that persisted until 1919, after which hostilities shifted to a struggle with the Soviet Union over Galicia.
The battle marked a brutal turning point for both nations, exposing the violent rise of nationalism and total war in a region that had previously known little internal conflict. The legacy of the fighting continues to shape Polish‑Ukrainian relations to this day.
